Energy retro-commissioning of historical buildings is an important challenge that implies both historic-artistic and technological aspects concerning the improvement in energy efficiency and comfort. A critical analysis of each possibility is essential in order to preserve the balance between efficiency …
The Directive 2010/31 UE (EBPD) introduced the “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” linked to cost optimality, where energy benefits are related to economic benefits. The “Cost Optimality” methodology is applicable both to new and existing buildings, as introduced in the Regulation …
Research and development of cost-effective, high-performance thermal insulation materials for the construction sector has to be focused on their final application. In particular, solutions for refurbishing historic buildings, which represent 40% of the European building stock, have to offer a …
This paper presents inventories of building components and renovation measures in buildings from before 1945. External inventories with focus on durability, moisture performance and energy performance were made on 602 properties by building physicists, architects and building antiquarians. In addition …
The hygrothermal conditions in historic solid masonry are expected to change for the worse, with the application of internal insulation. Nevertheless, internal insulation plays a role in a holistic energy retrofit of historic buildings. With careful considerations and correct application, …
In the UK, 20% of houses were built before 1919 and are protected from energy efficiency requirements that would unacceptably alter their character. To meet carbon emission reduction targets, however, it is necessary to keep the number of buildings exempt …
The architectural design and environmental treatments have shown a large impact on environmental indoor performance and energy efficiency of buildings. Designers have been working on more efficient buildings using tools like the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) which …
Energy performance and thermal comfort in historic and traditional urban environments are important because of the social and cultural requirement to conserve these areas as living entities, but also for the environmental obligation to decrease the impact of existing buildings …
Today buildings become part of Smart Energy Systems. 4th generation district heating network requires buildings with low energy consumption. In Europe, historic buildings account for around 30% from total buildings stock with high energy consumption which has to be reduced. …